Introduction

Every year May 30 is observed as, the world World Sclerosis Day as a focused initiative to increase awareness on Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a chronic and frequently unpredictable neurological disorder.

What is Multiple Sclerosis?

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disorder in which the immune system of the body targets the protective covering of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system. This results in interrupted communication between the brain and the body, leading to symptoms that are fluctuating in their severity and duration.

Multiple Sclerosis occurs in over 2.8 million individuals worldwide, and though it is not yet curable, but it can be controlled with early treatment, medication, and lifestyle counselling.

Major Causes and Risk Factors

Though the cause of Multiple Sclerosis has not been identified, but studies suggest a mix of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors could play a role in its occurrence:

• Genetics: Family having a history can predispose this.
• Vitamin D Deficiency: Reduced sun exposure has been associated with increased Multiple Sclerosis risk.
• Smoking: Smoking can also play a role in Multiple Sclerosis progression.
• Viral Triggers: Some viruses, for example, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), could be involved.
• Geography: Multiple Sclerosis occurs more frequently in communities dwelling further away from the equator.

Awareness of these risk factors facilitates improved monitoring, preventive measures, and most importantly awareness for those with a genetic predisposition to autoimmune diseases.

Various Types of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis can appear in a variety of forms, varying from person to person. The primary types are:

1. Clinically Isolated Syndrome: This is the earliest stage of Multiple Sclerosis, followed by symptoms that may or may not lead to a diagnosis. MRI scans may reveal MS-like changes in the brain or spinal cord during this stage.

2. Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) – This is the most common type, with distinct relapses and periods of recovery.

3. Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS) – The Phase that occurs after RRMS, with gradual disease progression, where patient can recover partially or fully depending on the condition.

4. Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS) – Gradual deterioration from the beginning, without clear relapses.

5. Progressive-Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (PRMS) – Uncommon, with progression from the beginning and occasional relapses.

Signs and Symptoms

Multiple Sclerosis has symptoms that varies from person to person, so early detection is important. Typical symptoms are:

• Persistent fatigue
• Vision problems such as blurred or double vision
• Tingling or numbness in the limbs or face
• Muscle weakness, spasms, or stiffness
• Coordination and balance problems
• Bladder or bowel incontinence
• Weak Memory or short term memory loss
• Mood Swings, anxiety, panic attacks or depression
• Dizziness and vertigo

Diagnosis for Multiple sclerosis

Diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis requires a blend of clinical assessment, imaging, and laboratory examinations, such as:

• Clinical Evaluation: Neurologists assess a patient's medical history, symptoms, and perform a neurological examination to identify signs of MS.
• MRI Scans: To identify lesions in the brain and spinal cord.
• Evoked Potential Tests: To assess the nervous system's reaction to stimuli.
• Lumbar Puncture: It is a medical procedure to examine cerebrospinal fluid for evidence of inflammation.
• Blood Tests: To eliminate other disorders that resemble MS symptoms.

Treatment and Management

Although Multiple Sclerosis is a long-term illness, new developments in the science of medicine have greatly enhanced its treatment:

1. Disease-Modifying Therapies (DMTs)

These drugs decreases the number and intensity of relapses and can potentially slow disease progression.

2. Steroids

Administered in episodes to minimize inflammation and speed healing.

3. Physical and Occupational Therapy

This Therapy preserves mobility, strength, and independence.

4. Psychological Support

Our counselors and clinical psychologists give assistance to help manage depression, anxiety, and cognitive symptoms.

5. Counseling for Lifestyle

Diet, sleep hygiene, exercise, and quitting smoking all have a significant role in comprehensive MS management.

Why World Sclerosis Day Matters

World Sclerosis Day isn't just a day of awareness—it is an international healthcare movement. Here's why this day is important for patients and professionals alike:

• Public Awareness: Informing communities about MS better, encouraging empathy and breaking stigma.
• Early Diagnosis Incentive: Educated patients are more inclined to come forward in the early stages.
• Policy and Research Advocacy: One collective international voice may result in enhanced healthcare policies and research funding for MS.
• Support Network Building: Facilitates those impacted to unite, share, and heal as a collective.

When to seek Medical Help

Early Diagnosis can help in fighting this Disease, but here are some points to know when you should really consult a specialist:

• Sudden vision problems, such as blurred or double vision, could signal inflammation of the optic nerve, often an early symptom of MS.
• Persistent numbness or tingling in the arms, legs, or face may indicate nerve damage and shouldn’t be dismissed.
• If you’re struggling with balance issues or unexplained falls, it could point to problems in the brain or spinal cord.
• Lastly, extreme fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest and interferes with daily life may also be a sign of MS.

Identifying these symptoms early and consulting a neurologist can make a significant difference in managing the condition effectively.

Conclusion

World Multiple Sclerosis Day 2025 is not just about remembering a disease, it is about reminding ourselves of the power of awareness, prevention, and united action. At Neotia Getwel Multispecialty Hospital, we believe that every life saved through early detection and timely care brings us closer to Healthy world.

Let us all pledge to take the necessary precautions, stay informed, and support one another in the fight against Sclerosis.

Disclaimer

Though all attempts are made to provide correct information on the subject, inadvertent & typographical errors arising out of manual intervention cannot be ruled out. It is requested to bring any such discrepancies to the notice of the blogger for correction.